Gynecomastia is the enlargement of male breast tissue. It can happen at any age and affects millions of men worldwide. Many people feel confused or stressed when they notice chest swelling, but understanding the causes of gynecomastia makes it easier to manage.
In this blog, Dr. Anmol Chugh, a leading cosmetic surgeon in India, explains why gynecomastia happens and what factors are responsible for it.
-
Hormonal Imbalance (Most Common Cause)
The most common reason for gynecomastia is a hormonal imbalance between estrogen and testosterone.
- Testosterone → controls male features.
- Estrogen → controls breast growth.
When estrogen becomes higher, or testosterone becomes lower, the male chest begins to swell.
This imbalance can happen during:
- Puberty
- Middle age
- Older age
-
Puberty Changes
During puberty, hormone levels change rapidly. Many boys develop puffy nipples or chest swelling.
This is known as pubertal gynecomastia, and it usually goes away as hormones settle.
But in some teenagers, the swelling remains and may need treatment.
-
Excess Body Fat
Being overweight increases estrogen production. Fat tissue converts testosterone into estrogen, which can cause the male breast gland to grow.
This leads to:
- Fatty chest
- Pseudogynecomastia
- Saggy or puffy nipples
Even after losing weight, the hard gland tissue often stays, and men choose surgery with Dr. Anmol Chugh for a permanent solution.
-
Medications That Cause Gynecomastia
Some medicines can affect hormone levels and cause breast enlargement.
Common examples include:
- Blood pressure medicines
- Antidepressants
- Anti-anxiety drugs
- Ulcer medicines
- Steroids
- Anti-androgens used for prostate issues
If gynecomastia starts after using a new medicine, speak with a doctor.
-
Steroid Use & Gym Supplements
An increasing number of young men use:
- Anabolic steroids
- Testosterone boosters
- Muscle gain supplements
These products can disturb hormones and cause permanent gland growth.
Stopping the supplements does not shrink the gland, only surgery can remove it.
-
Alcohol & Recreational Drugs
Some substances increase estrogen levels and lead to gynecomastia, such as:
- Alcohol
- Marijuana
- Heroin
- Methadone
- Amphetamines
Consistent or long-term use raises the risk.
-
Medical Conditions
Certain health problems can also lead to gynecomastia:
a. Liver Disease
The liver controls hormone processing. Liver problems can increase estrogen levels.
b. Kidney Disease
Long-term kidney issues can disturb the hormone balance.
c. Thyroid Disorders
High thyroid hormone levels may cause breast enlargement.
d. Testicular Problems
Injury, infection, or tumors can reduce testosterone production.
-
Aging
As men age, testosterone levels naturally drop. Body fat may also increase, which raises estrogen levels.
This combination commonly leads to gynecomastia in older men.
-
Genetics
Some people are genetically more likely to develop gynecomastia. If it runs in the family, the chances may be higher.
-
Idiopathic Gynecomastia (Unknown Cause)
In many cases, no clear cause is found.
This is called idiopathic gynecomastia.
Even then, the condition is harmless and treatable with the help of Dr. Anmol Chugh.
Diagnosing Gynecomastia
To understand the exact cause, the doctor may recommend:
- Physical examination
- Hormone tests
- Ultrasound (if needed)
- Reviewing medicines and lifestyle habits
This helps determine whether it’s fat, gland, or both.
Can Gynecomastia Go Away on Its Own?
Yes, but only in certain situations:
- Puberty-related swelling may disappear naturally.
- If caused by a medicine or drug, stopping it can help.
But true gland tissue does not shrink with:
- Exercise
- Gym workouts
- Diet
- Weight loss
- Home remedies
For long-term results, gynecomastia surgery is the most effective option.
Conclusion
Gynecomastia can happen due to many reasons, hormonal imbalance, lifestyle habits, medicines, health conditions, or genetics. While some cases improve on their own, most require proper evaluation and sometimes surgical treatment. The good news is that gynecomastia is completely treatable, and men can safely regain a flat, masculine, confident chest with expert care from Dr. Anmol Chugh.